Registered trade unions are legal persons. They may, by uniform representation proportional to their members, conclude collective agreements binding on all persons belonging to the categories specified in the agreement. Artificial personality, legal personality or legal personality is the characteristic of a non-living entity that legally has the status of personality. Section 28 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 states: ” the provisions of this Bill of Rights apply, to the extent possible, for the benefit of all legal persons and all natural persons. In Italy, trade unions have legal personality, as stipulated in Article 39(4) of the Constitution: the concept of legal personality is not absolute. `penetration of the corporate veil` means the consideration of natural persons acting as agents involved in an act or decision of society; This may lead to a court decision treating the rights or obligations of a company or public limited company as rights or obligations of the members or directors of that company. Since the 19th century, the legal person has been interpreted more broadly to make it a citizen, domicile or domicile of a state (usually for the purposes of personal jurisdiction). In Louisville, C. & C.R. Co. v.
Letson, 2 Wie. 497, 558, 11 L.Ed. 353 (1844), United States The Supreme Court held that for the purposes of this case, a corporation “may be treated both as a citizen [of the State which created it] and as a natural person.” Ten years later, they confirmed Letson`s conclusion, albeit on the slightly different theory that “those who use the company`s name and exercise the powers it confers” should be conclusively regarded as citizens of the company`s founding state. Marshall v. Baltimore & Ohio R. Co., 16 Wie. 314, 329, 14 L.Ed. 953 (1854). These concepts have been codified by law because U.S. jurisdiction laws relate specifically to corporate domicile. There are therefore two types of legal entities: human and non-human.
In law, a human person is designated as a natural person (sometimes also as a natural person), and a non-human person is called a legal person (sometimes also as a legal, legal, artificial, legal or fictitious person, Latin: persona ficta). Answer the following questions, then click “Submit” to get your score. Not all organizations have legal personality. For example, directors of a corporation, legislature or government agency are generally not legal entities because they do not have the ability to exercise legal rights independently of the corporation or political body to which they belong. Since legal personality is a prerequisite for legal capacity (the capacity of any legal person to modify (conclude, transfer, etc.) its rights and obligations), it is a prerequisite for an international organization to be able to sign international treaties in its own name. Legal personality allows one or more natural persons (universitas personarum) to act as an entity (legal person) for legal purposes. In many jurisdictions, artificial personality allows this company to be considered legally distinct from its individual members (for example, in a public company, its shareholders). They can sue and be sued, enter into contracts, incur debts and own property.
Companies with legal personality may also be subject to certain legal obligations, such as the payment of taxes. A company with legal personality may protect its members from personal liability. Subsequent comments interpreted these comments prior to the oral argument as part of the legal decision. [26] Accordingly, the First Amendment does not permit Congress to pass legislation restricting the freedom of expression of a political company or action group or requiring reporting in a local newspaper,[27] and the Due Process Clause does not allow a state government to take possession of a corporation without due process and fair compensation. This protection applies to all legal persons, not just companies.